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version 3.15 [2019-04-24] (fr) welcome to . it provides various services for the computational treatment of sanskrit. the first service is dictionary access. the dictionary is a hypertext structure giving access to the sanskrit lexicon, given with grammatical information. there are currently two versions of the dictionary. the first one is the original heritage sanskrit-french dictionary, that serves as morphology generator, and is thus fully equipped with grammatical tools. furthermore it offers a rich encyclopedic contents about indian culture. you may also download a printable pdf version of this dictionary, as explained below. a fully hypertext version in the goldendict format is also available. the second lexicon is a digital version of the monier-williams sanskrit-english dictionary, a much more complete lexicon for the sanskrit language. it is issued from thomas malten's digitalization of the monier-williams at köln university, turned into an xml databank by jim funderburk, and finally adapted to the html heritage look and feel by pawan goyal. the sanskrit heritage dictionary is thus mirrored in the monier-williams, which allows compatibility of the grammatical tools. the choice of the dictionary is set to a default by the configuration of the server site. but each dictionary is accessible separately by its search page, respectively sanskrit heritage and monier-williams . this site offers a number of linguistic services for the sanskrit language, such as a sanskrit reader that parses sanskrit text under various formats into sanskrit banks of tagged hypertext. various phonological and morphological tools are also provided. please visit the reference manual for learning how to use the various facilities. sanskrit heritage dictionary in book form you may download the heritage dictionary as a pdf document from pdf . this document is readable through acrobat reader, a well-known document management software from adobe freely available on internet. since the document is rather large, you have to account for some delay in loading its 5 mb. this is a still on-going effort, lexical acquisition implies quick obsolescense of this document which grows along with versions. the sanskrit heritage dictionary is also available in an ebook format, usable with the babyloo, stardict or goldendict software. please visit the golden sanskrit heritage page. multilingual hyper-text dictionary interactive browsing the dictionary may be accessed through an indexing engine: sanskrit heritage or through its mirror monier-williams subset. your browser must be html5 compliant, and for proper viewing of sanskrit text you must have installed on your system open type fonts for roman transliteration with diacritics, and for devanāgarī. a unicode-compliant font for devanāgarī with proper ligatures is apple's devanagari mt for macintosh os x stations. for windows users, installation of font 'arial ms unicode' is advised for proper rendering. you may have to fiddle with the controls of your browser, so that the font declarations from the dictionary pages get precedence over the standard selection, and thus encoding is specified as unicode compliant (utf-8 encoding). note that many words are given with their etymology as hypertext links. you may thus navigate from a word to is morphological components, down to its roots. also, the gender declarations of the main entries are mouse-sensitive, and give you direct access to the relevant declension table. similarly, the present class mark of the verbal roots gives access to the conjugation schemes. also for verb entries, preverbs lead you to the correspondingly prefixed derived verbs. all these grammatical tools, originally developed for the heritage dictionary, are being progressiveley extended to the monier-williams dictionary. thus our html monier-williams offers similar declension and conjugation facilities. sanskrit made easy if you want to search for a sanskrit word without knowing its exact transliteration, go to section "sanskrit made easy" of the index page, which allows you to search for words without knowing precise diacritics usage. for instance, search vishnou, siva, or the grammarian panini. this interface is limited for the moment to the sanskrit heritage dictionary. sanskrit grammarian this interface gives the declension tables for sanskrit substantives. try out this declension engine by submitting sanskrit stems with intended gender. the same transliteration conventions as for the dictionary index apply. for instance, submit "deva" with gender mas, or (assuming velthuis transliteration) "devii" with gender fem, or "brahman" with gender neu. the fourth button, labeled "any", may be used for the words which take their gender from the context, such as deictic personal pronouns ("aham", "tvad"), or numeral words such as "dva", "tri", etc. a conjugation engine for roots is also available. it handles the full present system: present indicative, imperfect, imperative and optative, as well as the passive present system, the perfect, the aorist and the future. participial stems, absolutives and infinitives are listed as well. some secondary conjugations (causative, intensive, desiderative) are also generated, for the full present and future systems. try out this conjugation engine with data such as "bhuu" 1, "as" 2, "m.rj" 2, "han" 2, "haa" 3, "hu" 3, "daa" 4, "su" 5, "p.r" 6, "yuj" 7, "k.r" 8, "j~naa" 9, "cur" 10, "namas" 11. in order to get the secondary conjugations of a root, enter code 0. you may cascade by generating declensions of the generated participial stems. a word of caution is called for here. the only safe way to get correct inflected forms is to enter the stem and its morphological parameters consistently with their specification in the heritage dictionary. this is specially true of roots, since they appear with various names according to sanskrit grammars. for instance, root hū is called hū, hvā or hve according to various grammarians. another problem is homophony. when two items have the same phonetic realization, their respective lexemes are disambiguated by an integer index, which is specific to the lexicon. thus there are three roots named mā in the sanskrit heritage dictionary. they are adressed respectively (in velthuis transliteration) as maa#1, maa#3 and maa#4. if you ask for the conjugated forms of maa in present classes 2 or 3, the system will guess you mean maa#1 (to measure). but if you mean maa#3 (to mow) or maa#4 (to exchange) you have to enter explicitly their disambiguated stems maa#3 or maa#4. entering an arbitrary stem and arbitrary morphology parameters may yield random results or error messages. lemmatizer conversely, a lemmatiser attempts to tag inflected words. try for instance (in velthuis format) "devaat", "jagmivaan", "a.s.tau" (selecting noun) or "apibat", "akaar.siit", "dudoha", "vaahyate" (selecting verb). this lemmatizer knows about inflected forms of derived stems in some secondary derivations. for instance, "darzayi.syati" is found as conjugated form: { ca. fut. ac. sg. 3 }[dṛś_1], "dariid.rzyate" yields { int. pr. md. sg. 3 }[dṛś_1], "did.rk.sate" yields { des. pr. md. sg. 3 }[dṛś_1] and "bibhik.se" yields { des. pft. md. sg. 3 | des. pft. md. sg. 1 }[bhaj]. please note the multitag notation of this ambiguous form. other lexical categories are available, such as part for participles. for instance, "bhikṣitavyānām" (selecting iast transliteration and the part lexical category, yields { g. pl. f. | g. pl. n. | g. pl. m. }[bhikṣitavya { des. pfp. [3] }[bhaj]]. the various grammatical abbreviations used in these lemmas are available here . n.b. do not attempt to lemmatize verbal forms with preverbs - this will not work, it knows only how to invert root forms. lemmatizing more complex forms is possible through the sanskrit reader interface, as we shall see below. morphology a dictionary of inflected forms of sanskrit words is provided in xml form under various transliteration schemes
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